افعال مجهول Passive Voice

زمانی از فعل مجهول در جمله استفاده می کنیم که تمرکز ما بر فرد یا چیزی است که تحت تأثیر عمل انجام شده قرار گرفته باشد.

نحوه ساخت فعل مجهول: قسمت سوم فعل + فعل To Be + نهاد مجهول

The house was built in 1989.

همچنین زمانی که مفعول جمله اهمیت بیشتری نسبت به فاعل جمله داشته باشد، از این حالت استفاده می کنیم.

به عنوان مثال:

We have produced over 20 different models in the past two years.

تبدیل می شود به: Over 20 different models have been produced in the past two years

اگر کننده کار مهم باشد، با استفاده از "by" به آخر جمله اضافه می شود.

به عنوان مثال:

 Tim Wilson wrote "The Flight to Brunnswick" in 1987.

تبدیل می شود به: "The Flight to Brunnswick" was written in 1987 by Tim Wilson.

تنها افعالی که قادر به پذیرفتن مفعول هستند می توانند به حالت مجهول تبدیل شوند.

 

ساختار افعال مجهول

Active	Passive	Time Reference
They make Fords in Cologne.	Fords are made in Cologne.	Present Simple
Susan is cooking dinner.	Dinner is being cooked by Susan	Present Continuous
James Joyce wrote "Dubliners".	"Dubliners" was written by James Joyces.	Past Simple
They were painting the house when I arrived.	The house was being painted when I arrived.	Past Continuous
They have produced over 20 models in the past two years.	Over 20 models have been produced in the past two years.	Present Perfect
They are going to build a new factory in Portland.	A new factory is going to be built in Portland.	Future Intention with Going to
I will finish it tomorrow.	It will be finished tomorrow.	Future Simple